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Asma, Berenang Paling Baik

Digunting dari: CyberMED

Sesak napas bisa mengakibatkan kerja otot-otot saluran napas tidak seimbang satu sama lain. Untuk menguatkan dan menyeimbangkannya, pengidap asma disarankan untuk berolahraga.

Dr. Fachrial Harahap. Sp.S, perumus metode dan gerakan Senam Asma Indonesia menyatakan, olahraga yang cocok bagi penderita asma adalah senam asma dan berenang, terutama di air yang hangat. Hal ini mampu mencegah saluran napas menjadi kering dan teriritasi. Kelembaban udara di atas permukaan air umumnya cukup tinggi, mencapai 94 persen, sehingga bisa mencegah penguapan (water loss) dari paru-paru.

Berenang, menurut Fachrial, adalah kombinasi dari olahraga cepat yang butuh energi tinggi dan olahraga ketahanan yang butuh energi rendah. Posisi tubuh saat berenang memungkinkan beban sirkulasi paru berkurang. Tekanan di dalama air dapat mengontrol irama pernapasan. Misty Hyman, perenang asal Phoenix, Amerika Serikat, yang meraih medali emas dalam Olimpiade Sydney 2000 adalah pengidap asma.

Joging sangat tidak diizinkan karena mudah sekali mencetuskan serangan. Ini adalah jenis olahraga yang membutuhkan energi ekstra, padahal otot-otot di saluran pernapasan para pengidap asma tidak memungkinkan untuk mengikuti ritme olahraga dengan energi tinggi. Olahraga lain yang tidak disarankan adalah lari termasuk tenis, bulutangkis, sepakbola, treadmil, dan bersepeda.

Senam asma bermanfaat untuk melatih otot-otot pernapasan agar lentur dan kuat. Bila otot-otot ini terlatih, pengidap tak akan mengalami keadaan yang payah bila menghadapi serangan. Sebaliknya penderita akan mampu mengontrol penyakitnya dengan baik. Dengan senam asma, pengidap juga akan terlatih bernapas dengan benar, mudah batuk dan mengeluarkan dahak, stamina fisik pun makin baik.

Senam asma sebaiknya dilakukan secara teratur dan sesuai petunjuk. Bila tidak, justru yang terjadi sebaliknya. Serangan bisa bertambah berat dan bisa timbul pneumo-toraks atau kempes paru.

Untuk mencapai hasil efektif, penderita mesti bersenam sebanyak 3-4 kali seminggu. Tiap kali senam cukup 30 menit, termasuk pemanasan dan pendinginan. "Mereka yang sudah terlatih bisa melakukan hingga 50-60 menit. Hasilnya akan tampak dalam 6-8 minggu," katanya.

Senam tidak boleh dilakukan bila penderita sedang kena serangan, kondisi kesehatannya menurun misalnya karena flu, kurang tidur atau baru sembuh dari sakit. Penderita gagal jantung yang juga pengidap asma tidak diizinkan bersenam asma.

Akan lebih efektif lagi bila melakukan senam asma di pantai. Udara pantai yang bersih bisa mengurangi serangan sekaligus melatih otot-otot saluran pernapasan. Pegunungan juga berudara bersih, tetapi kurang baik bagi pengidap asma karena dingin dan bisa memicu serangan.

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